BUDGET MESSAGE

FOR FISCAL YEAR 2007

 
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Mayor McAlister and Members of Council:

 

Submitted herein, in accordance with the Local Government Budget and Fiscal Control Act, is the annual Budget for Fiscal Year 2007 for the Town of Cary. The budget is balanced and identifies methods of raising and spending funds for specific programs during the coming fiscal year. The budget is a plan that presents financial information by category of expense for each departmental budget and outlines the operations of the Town of Cary government and its component programs. 

 

The approach of the FY 2007 Recommended Budget is to continue that begun in FY 2006 which is to create a budget structure and philosophy that will expand on our use of basic business principals to guide decisions now and in the future.  Our primary goal for the future is to provide high quality service at a low cost with a stable tax rate and fee structure in an equitable manner.  Our secondary goal is to regain our focus on providing traditional municipal services and expanding into areas of specialty services on a planned basis when resources are available.

 

The approach started last year in developing the FY 2006 budget was necessitated by many of the budget and policy decisions made between Fiscal Years 2000 and 2004.  During that period of time, the Town appropriated $109 million in cash to develop parks, recreational facilities, and purchase open space including two major regional parks and a number of specialty facilities; $150 million primarily in debt to widen critical thoroughfare sections and Town facilities, which is a primary reason debt service increased from $1.6 million in FY 2001 to $14.3 million per year by 2009 for projects already approved and budgeted; created new and expanded programs and services (e.g. traffic signalization, C-Tran); and funded services that have historically and legally been the responsibility of other levels of government such as providing $5.3 million for school operations, $1.5 million for the purchase of school sites.  Also the Town has committed $40 million to fund roads and utilities infrastructure for new developments in exchange for developers agreeing to pay school impact fees.  Prior to FY 2000, these same infrastructure costs would have been paid by developers. 

 

While some of these decisions resulted in substantial one time capital expenses, the decisions to provide new major parks and recreation facilities; specialty facilities and new programs significantly increased ongoing operating costs, including personnel, equipment, and contracted services.  The Town’s other operating expenses grew by $24 million, or 53%, from FY 2000 to FY 2005 in order to operate and maintain the new facilities and programs and to maintain previously existing levels of service to an expanding number of customers.

 

At the same time these expenditure decisions were made, the Town reduced solid waste fees and taxes, and implemented growth management policies designed to limit population growth.  These decisions helped reduce the rate of tax base growth occurring in Cary, limit population growth, and reduced major revenue sources.  During this period of time the property tax rate was decreased by one cent and the solid waste fee by one third in response to the Town’s strong revenue growth during the decade of the 90’s and the existence of higher than normal fund balances.  This resulted in saving the citizens and taxpayers of Cary $10.5 million in taxes and fees.  The combination of rapidly escalating expenses and slowing revenue growth has created the need to reevaluate how we provide basic public services, who pays for them, and how we re-establish the service and financial priorities of the Town.  The approach taken to develop both the FY 2006 and FY 2007 budgets has been to focus on the following goals:   (1) Identify the services that are important to citizens of the Town of Cary (2) Adopt acceptable levels of service that help control escalating costs for the future (3) Review changes in services and service levels that will help reduce costs (4) Identify capital expenditures that will minimize new debt, but allow the Town to make progress toward meeting our long term master plan goals in a prudent manner.


MAJOR ISSUES

 

Tax Base Growth

During the early 2000s, the impacts of the poor economy, coupled with the Town’s successful growth control measures, combined to slow the rate of revenue growth compared to that of the mid to late 1990’s. Approximately 71% of the Town’s tax base is residential in nature, so reductions in the population growth rate had a significant effect on the level of ad valorem tax revenues.  This is the largest revenue source for the Town and, at $53 million, it comprises 54% of all General Fund revenues.   Growth in ad valorem receipts is expected to be 4% in FY 2007, compared to the average annual growth rate of 12% from FY93 to FY02.  The recommended budget for FY 2007 maintains a tax rate of 42 cents per $100 of assessed value. 

 

A historical perspective of the Town’s assessed value (tax base) growth since FY 1995 is provided in the graph below.  The extremely high growth rate in 2001 reflects property revaluation which is done every eight years in Wake County.  During those years, the tax rate was reduced to maintain a revenue neutral tax rate.  The next property revaluation is scheduled for 2008 which will impact tax base projections for fiscal year 2009.  While there have been some recently approved developments in Cary’s jurisdiction within adjacent Chatham County, the assessed value there is currently only about $47 million, which is less than 1% of Cary’s total assessed value.

 

Assessed Value and Percent Change

 

 

The Town has started to see an increase in the number of new single family (SF) permits being issued in the last couple of years.  During 2002, only 466 new permits were issued compared to an average of about 1,500 per year in the mid 90s.  The assessed value on which tax receipts are calculated is based on what has been built by the prior January 1 meaning that FY 2007 revenues are based on values as of January 1, 2006.  While Cary’s tax base is much higher than it was in the mid 90s and it takes more growth each year to have the same percentage increase, these higher numbers of new permits will help the tax base grow over time as the units are built and included in future tax base calculations.  The graph below shows new single family residential permits issued over the past decade.

Single Family Building Permits Issued

 

Sales Taxes

Projected sales tax revenues totaling $20 million in FY 2007 make up 20% of all General Fund Revenues.  The historical growth rate of this major revenue source was greatly impacted by the economic slowdown of the early 2000s, but the current economic recovery helped this revenue source recover in FY 2005 and growth is expected to continue into FY 2007.  Cary has experienced a slower growth rate in this revenue than some other jurisdictions in Wake County.  Sales taxes are distributed within Wake County on a per capita basis.  As Cary’s population growth rate has slowed compared to the rest of Wake County, it receives a smaller portion of the total distribution amount.  Had Cary’s percentage distribution remained constant since its peak in FY 2001, Cary would be receiving about $700,000 more in FY 2007.  Despite this smaller distribution share, the economy’s signs of recovery and increases in consumer confidence are expected to yield steady growth of 3% in sales tax.  This follows a tremendous rebound in revenue growth experienced in FY 2005 over that of FY 2004 of $1.8 million or 10%.

 

The graph below depicts the historical growth of sales tax revenues and includes the one cent (Article 39) which is distributed based on sales delivered in Wake County, the two half cents (Articles 40 and 42) which are distributed state-wide based on the population of each county, and the one half cent (Article 44) which is distributed based on a combination of both approaches mentioned.  Article 44 was approved in December 2002 to replace the expiring Inventory Tax Reimbursement and Intangibles Tax Reimbursement revenue sources.

 

Sales Tax Revenues - Actuals Through FY 2005 and Estimates for 2006 and 2007

 

Solid Waste Program

 

Service Levels

 

The Town’s solid waste program provides service to all residences in the Town and any small businesses that choose to have the Town provide their solid waste services.  The Town does not offer these services to commercial enterprises that generate a high volume of solid waste. There was considerable discussion over the past decade about whether the premium service level of backyard garbage collection is worth the extra cost.  Prior to its decision to begin the conversion process to a curbside collection system during the FY 2006 budget process, the Town of Cary was one of the only remaining large municipalities in North Carolina that continued to provide backyard service.  Under this new program, the Town has provided customers with a roll-out cart that is placed at the curb for collection.  Upon complete implementation in late FY 2007, a single driver in a truck with an automated arm will pick up the cart and dumps it without the driver leaving the vehicle.  This system will be much more efficient and safer than the current system, which requires a crew of four people. 

 

Fees For Services Provided

 

In FY 2005, the Town of Cary charged $7.67 per month to each customer to help offset costs associated with solid waste collection including garbage, recycling, yard waste, and leaf collection.  The solid waste and recycling monthly fee history since 1987 is included below.

 

Solid Waste and Recycling Fee History

 

The percentage of program cost recovery has varied over the years and was 50% during FY 2005.  At the rate of $7.67 per month, half of the program costs were being subsidized by other general fund revenue sources, including the entire tax base (both residential and commercial).  Continuing the FY 2006 council adopted rate of $11.75 into FY 2007 is being recommended and it is expected to recover about 65% of the total program costs from the customers receiving direct services and includes the costs of actually collecting and disposing of the garbage, recycling materials (net of revenue received from selling recyclable materials), and yard waste.  The Town is targeting a cost recovery rate of approximately 86% over the long term, with the remaining 14% of costs being funded by other existing general fund revenues (including the tax base) as they benefit the community at large and include services such as the Dixon Avenue convenience center, Town-wide litter collection and code enforcement activities, and the disposal of wastes generated by Town activities.  Due to projected truck price

 

 

increases in the near future to accommodate new emissions standards, staff is pursuing early procurement funding during late FY 2006 to save about $100K in capital costs.  In addition, by advancing replacement by one year, staff anticipates saving about $578K in personnel and operating costs because complete conversion to automated curbside collection and commingling of recycling can take place by the end of FY 2007.  Staff will continue to evaluate the cost recovery projections and related fees as we approach full conversion in FY 2008.

 

Prior to recommending the conversion to automated curbside collection during the FY 2006 budget process, the staff evaluated funding solid waste services through the property tax and rejected that alternative for the following reasons.  The Town chose to make the costs of solid waste collection and disposal subject to a user fee at the time the Town stopped providing that service to businesses and industries because the costs had become prohibitively expensive.  The decision was made to only provide residential waste collection with the users paying the costs through a user fee.  Since businesses and industries were not getting any service, the user fee provided the mechanism for the costs to be borne by the users and not adding to the property tax burden of those not getting any service.  If the town was to cover the costs of the residential solid waste collection and recycling service through the property tax, it would require a tax increase of approximately $0.06/$100 valuation (14% of today’s tax rate)  for every tax payer, including those not receiving any service.  The negative financial impact on businesses receiving no service would be significant.  In addition, since they receive no service for this increase, it would create a severe service inequity which the Town has always, as a matter of policy, tried to avoid.

 

Investment Earnings

 

Existing cash balances on hand due to current receipts, fund balances, and project funding are often invested temporarily to earn the Town income in the form of investment earnings to help offset total income needed for Town services.  While the sagging economy of the early 2000s drove debt service rates lower in the bond market, it also reduced the amount of return available for the Town’s investments.  Interest earnings in FY 2001 were $8.7 million across all governmental funds, while net investment earnings in FY 2004 in these same funds were only $1.3 million, which is a drop of $7.4 million or 85%.  As these market changes have affected the Town’s income over the past few years, the Town has had to adapt its expense and pay-as-you-go capital planning accordingly.   If the recent economic recovery continues and the expected average yield rates of 3.5% in FY 2007 materialize, total investment earnings should be about $300K higher than those expected in FY 2006. 

 

As approved at the 2006 Council/Staff Retreat, staff is pursuing the issuance of $47 million in already appropriated general obligation debt for general capital projects.  This debt is an accumulation of funds that are needed for projects approved by Council in previous years, as they will be spending over the next two years.  The cash from this variable rate borrowing will be invested until it is ready to be spent, but the incremental investment income over the next two years from these proceeds will be used to pay debt service on the funds.  So while investment income is expected to be about $1.6 million higher than otherwise in FY 2007, this revenue increase is helping to offset the corresponding debt service payment which is expected to require interest payments only during FY 2007 and FY 2008 with both principal and interest payments being due in FY 2009 (an incremental increase of about $2 million).

 

Maximizing Existing Resources to Continue Advancing the Quality of Life

 

Operating Margin

 

The slowing growth of some revenues and decline of others, increasing operational expenses, and increasing debt service costs have combined during poor economic times in the early 2000s to present an increasingly challenging budget scenario over the past few years.  Ad valorem revenue growth, after a ten year low of 2.5% in FY 2005, is expected to rebound slightly in fiscal years 2006 and 2007 with 4% growth each year as a reflection of the recent resurgence in single family permit activity.  These slight increases are a welcome change from recent years, however they are not strong enough to create operating margins like those of the 1990s.  Operating margins from FY 1992 through FY 2002 averaged nearly $15 million annually.  As the graph below illustrates, the rate of debt service growth (in red) and steadily climbing expense growth (in blue) has put increasing pressure on the rate of revenue growth (in black).  Operating margin is demonstrated in the graph by the area where the revenues, shown in black, are still visible since they exceed debt service and expenses.  The recommended budget reflects an operating margin of approximately $4.7 million or about 4.7%.  This operating margin is being consumed by recommended pay-as-you-go funding of capital projects.

 

General Fund Operating Margin

 

Of the $12.7 million in debt service payments due during FY 2007, $1 million is related to the widening of North Carolina Highway 55 which is currently being performed by the North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT).  The widening of this roadway was originally planned to take place in FY 2007 as a state funded project, but the construction time frame was advanced to take place sooner when the Town of Cary initiated a loan to the state for $15.4 million.  Under the agreement, the state will reimburse the Town of Cary for the amount of the loan in FY 2007, when the originally planned funding is scheduled to be available.  Because the existing debt was borrowed at a lower interest rate than is available in the market today, the staff is planning to continue paying the annual debt service and using the $17.5 million cash payment from NCDOT to help fund the recommended transportation projects for FY 2007.  

 

Debt Capacity

Fiscal Year 2003 marked two significant milestones in Cary’s debt history.  At the beginning of FY 2003, the Town appropriated the remainder of its bond authority for streets and park facilities that was approved by the voters in 1999 ($63 million for streets and $10 million for parks).  Realizing that the Town intended to continue improving street capacity and park facilities, the Town held the largest combined municipal bond referendum in North Carolina in 15 years:  $130 million for streets and $30 million for park facilities.  In 2005, Cary continued its tradition of ensuring infrastructure is in place when needed by beginning to execute plans for a major water reclamation facility that is necessary for future capacity and to meet an inter-basin transfer certificate agreement to return water to the Cape Fear River basin by 2011.  This project is being undertaken regionally and includes as project partners the towns of Morrisville, Apex, and Holly Springs.  To help finance the Western Wake Regional

 

 

 

Wastewater Management Facility (WWRWMF) in the most affordable manner, Cary held a $110 million general obligation bond referendum which was approved by Cary voters.  Included on the same ballot was an additional question for voters regarding $10 million in general obligation bond authority for the purchase of open space which was also approved. 

 

The only general obligation bond referendum authority being recommended for appropriation in FY 2007 is the $10 million for open space acquisition.  While the price of land has risen much faster than inflation in recent years, the amount of available open space land has also dwindled as Cary continues to develop.  In order to leverage this bonding authority and allow it to buy as much land as possible, we believe now is the time to act.  The utility rates are currently generating $1 million per year to pay for open space with cash.  By using this funding to pay debt service on the $10 million bond funding, the Town would be able to greatly accelerate the pace of acquisition and maximize its value.  The FY 2007 capital budget does not include any other general obligation debt appropriations.  The current appropriation authority remaining from each of those referendums is as follows:

 

·         2003 $130 million street bond:  $99.5 million available

·         2003 $30 million park bond:  $25.7 million available

·         2005 $110 million west plant bond:  97.1 million available

 

Debt Affordability

With $160 million in newly approved debt authority for streets and parks comes a great deal of responsibility.  The cost of borrowed money remains relatively low compared to historical levels, but it has been rising slightly over the last year.  While lower interest rates are a great incentive to leverage the Town’s remaining debt capacity, being able to repay the related debt service each and every year is a major factor when deciding which projects to undertake and how much to borrow.  Debt service related to the 1999 bond authority for streets and parks, costs related to the NC55 widening and an expansion of Town Hall combined to increase debt related costs in the general fund to $10.9 million in FY 2005 with expected increases of about $4 million with the FY 2007 budget.  Following the FY 2006 budget development process, Council focused a great deal of attention on all previously funded capital projects including the liquidity of their various funding sources.  Several work sessions were held to determine options related to minimizing the impact of pending debt service on the General Fund without altering or delaying any projects already approved.  The first approach involved using the Town’s cash balances within existing projects that were not spending right away to prevent borrowing funding for debt funded projects that were ready to spend.  This approach was used up until the time that the variable interest rate market provided an opportunity for the Town to use its borrowing power and triple A credit rating in the spring of 2006.  The Town is planning to borrow $47 million with only interest payments due the first two years (fiscal years 2007 and 2008) and principal being due for the first time in FY 2009.  Increased investment earnings on the bond proceeds during this two year time period are expected to help pay the interest costs the first two years, and then general fund debt service is expected to increase to $14.3 million by FY 2009 for these borrowings which are all related to capital projects approved prior to the FY 2007 budget. 

 

The declining rate of revenue growth in both operating and capital reserve funds is of major concern when evaluating the future ability of the Town to afford additional debt service and other operational increases.  Prior to the FY 2007 budget, the Town appropriated $30.4 million of the street authority and $4.3 million of the park authority.  Based on identified project needs, other available funding sources, and trying to limit the pace of acquiring additional debt, the recommended general capital budget for FY 2007 includes no new street or park bond appropriations.  A replacement service ladder fire truck and remaining funding for the radio system upgrade project started last year comprise the $8.3 million installment purchase debt being recommended as part of the FY 2007 budget.  These comparatively low levels of debt funding are being recommended to help reduce operating margin deficits that are projected in FY 2009 should additional revenue growth not materialize.  The Cary Town Council directed at its 2006 Council/Staff Retreat to be presented with capital options and implications.  The recommended budget is seen as the low end of that spectrum that focuses on what is needed and what can be afforded within existing resources this year.  While some debt will be needed to fund continuation of major projects next year that are being recommended this year, other options for more expansive capital programs are certainly available and additional debt funding will play a major role in accomplishing them.  We will work through what more aggressive options might look like during our budget worksessions.

 

Signs of an economic recovery have begun to materialize in Cary in the form of increased levels of new residential construction and sales tax growth.  How quickly the higher construction permit volumes of today translate into new tax base as of January 1, 2007 (which will determine ad valorem revenue projections for FY 2008) and just how much sales tax revenues continue to grow will be key indicators of how strongly the Town will be forced to evaluate additional funding options in the future which could include tax increases.

 

Fund Balance

The Town of Cary’s fast growth during the 1990s helped develop one of the highest levels of General Fund fund balance in the state of North Carolina.  This major cash reserve created by historically healthy annual operating margin has helped facilitate a large number of cash funded projects as well as provide mid-year funding flexibility regarding special opportunities and emergencies.  The Town Council decided during FY 2003 to reserve six months worth of operating expenditures and debt service for future needs, while designating the remainder for pay-as-you-go capital projects or for special opportunities versus the funding of on-going expenditures.  Since FY 2003, the size of the six month reserve has had to grow from $36 million to an expected $47 million with the FY 2007 recommended budget.  This increase, combined with various appropriations of fund balance for capital projects since that time have combined to reduce the designated amount available for additional capital from $28 million in FY 2003 to about $10 million in FY 2007.  While fund balance levels are a key consideration when bond rating agencies (Moody’s, Fitch, Standard & Poor’s) evaluate the risk associated with future borrowings of the Town, there are many other factors considered as well.  Such items that are considered heavily when considering awarding Cary’s AAA rating include evidence of a strong and proactive administration, effective debt management with moderate to low debt levels, a vibrant or diverse economy, and strong finances.  As future capital opportunities arise and various financing options are considered, fund balance targets and appropriations should be considered as a viable option for a one-time funding source, realizing that it is extremely difficult to replenish, especially during tough economic times and periods of slow tax base and population growth.

 

Changes in General Fund Fund Balance With Six Month's Worth of Operating Expenditures and Debt Service for a Reserve

 

 

 

 


Impact of Declining Operating Margin

 

Fiscal Year 2007 represents a very interesting mix of several factors that have affected operating margin over the past several years:

 

·      Revenue growth from new tax base, although showing signs of moderate growth recently, is well below that of the late 1990s and will likely never reach double digits again

·      Operating expenditure growth has been limited to maintaining service levels in most areas other than staffing, operating, and maintaining several new facilties (Tennis Center, Skate Park, SAS Soccer Park, USA Baseball)

·      Debt service in FY 2007 is projected to grow by $1.8 million to $12.7 million and is expected to reach $14.3 million by FY 2009 to help fund projects budgeted prior to FY 2007 (there is often a delay between the time a project is approved and when the cash is actually needed to pay for construction – debt is not sold until just before the related cash is needed (see the “Debt Affordability” section above).

 

While healthy levels of General Fund fund balance exist to assist with capital purchases and one-time emergency situations, it is not a sound financial planning practice to pay for long term operational expenditures with fund balance.   This is especially true when current forecasts indicate as much as a $5 million deficit for Fiscal Year 2009. 

 

Options for Creating Additional Operating Margin

 

A major cause for decreased levels of operating margin over the past decade is the growing amount of debt service that has been absorbed within the General Fund with no tax increases.  In fact, the tax rate was reduced by one cent in FY 2002, which is equivalent to about $1.2 million less in annual revenue.  In addition, the solid waste fee was reduced from $11.50 to $7.67 in FY 2001, which equated to about $1.5 million less in annual revenue until FY2006 when the fee was raised to $11.75.  Since FY 1994, four bond referendums have been approved by the voters authorizing $242 million of general obligation debt for streets and parks with the understanding that the potential tax increase resulting from all of that debt could be as much as 14 cents on the tax rate once all the debt is issued (all tax rate impacts here have been adjusted for property revaluation impacts in 2000).  Other initiatives to help create and/or reduce the impact on operating margin totaling about $9 million for the next couple of years (with $5 million recurring annually) have been initiated recently including:

 

·       beginning the transition to curbside automated solid waste collection and commingled recycling collection in FY 2006 (expected to yield $1.5 million in annual savings once converted in FY 2008)

·       raising the business license fees effective for FY 2007 for the first time since 1990 (expected to generate an additional $650,000 in FY 2007)

·       reducing employee average raise amounts in FY 2006 (saving about $320,000 annually)

·       increasing the monthly solid waste and recycling fee from $7.67 to $11.75 (expected to generate about $1.6 million in additional revenue)

·       delaying the pending $47 million debt sale for already appropriated street and park projects beyond FY 2006 and then approving a variable rate mechanism that will delay principal payments until FY 2009 (delaying $4 million annual debt service beyond FY 2006 until full payments are due in FY 2009)

·       leveraging the buying power of Blue Cross and Blue Shield as the Town’s new third party administrator of our health and dental self-insurance fund in FY 2006 (helping to create savings versus budgeted funds of $1.3 million for FY 2006)

·       updating the parks and recreation fee system in FY 2006 (expected to generate about $150,000 annually)

 

 


The Balance Between Revenue Growth and Expenditure Growth

 

Historically, the NC General Assembly has given local governments a limited range of responsibilities for services and capital facilities and a limited set of revenue sources to meet those responsibilities.  Over an extended period of time, local governments need to develop and maintain a focus on community priorities within the limits of their responsibilities.  Having this prioritization structure and focus assists local governments in the struggle to balance revenues and expenditures as well as maintaining a strong and stable financial position.

 

During the decade of the 1990s, the Town of Cary benefited financially from the booming economy and an exceptionally high growth rate in both population and assessed value.  Many of the Town’s major revenue sources are largely driven by population such as ad valorem taxes, building permits, sanitation fees, recreation fees, cable television franchise fees and vehicle license fees.  Other major revenue sources driven by population that are actually distributed through the state or county on a per capita basis include sales taxes, wine and beer taxes, and Powell Bill funding for local street improvements.  Due to Growth Management efforts and a slowing economy, both the Town’s population and revenue growth slowed dramatically in the early 2000s.  One of the benefits of the high growth levels was large amounts of operating margin (revenues less expenses) that enabled the Town to self-fund many large projects and new priorities.  For example, from FY 1998 through FY 2002, the Town was able to fund $130 million, or about 52% of its entire General Capital Program with cash generated either from operating margin, grants, or capital reserve revenue sources. 

 

Over the past few years, however, the tax rate has been reduced by one cent (worth $1.2 million in FY 2007) and the solid waste fee was reduced by one-third (worth $1.4 million in FY 2005 before being increased to $11.75 per month adding revenue of $1.6 million in FY 2006).  These revenue reductions have been coupled with significant service level increases in the form of new appropriations to roads, parks, specialized facilities, economic development funding for schools, affordable housing, and the initiation of a transit program.  In addition to the initial capital costs to build many of these facilities, some of them require additional staffing to maintain and program their use.  General Fund operating expenditure and debt service growth in FY 2007 are expected to have increased by $32 million or 52% since FY 2002.  Over that same time period, General Fund revenues are anticipated to grow by only $23 million or 31%.  This disparity between the level of revenue and expenditure growth over the past five years has effectively eroded most of the $14 million annual operating margin that existed in FY 2002.  Without significant shifts toward increasing revenues through growth, further increases in existing fees, or decreasing expenditures in the very near future, the excellent financial condition of the Town can only be maintained by an increase in property taxes.

 

Town staff has a history of being very frugal in its application of new resources to accomplish both existing and new tasks by never adding people or new funding until it is absolutely necessary to achieve the Town’s goals.  In addition, there is recognition within the organization that most often, people are the most expensive solution to any problem.  Many of the recent privatization efforts the Town has undertaken and studies related to operational improvements and efficiencies were detailed very thoroughly in the series of Operation Worksessions held with Council during the Fall of 2004.  In response to the dynamics of the past five years, the staff has taken an even harder look at operations to help reduce and control costs and examples of some of these initiatives are identified below: 

 

·               Reduction of eight positions in Inspections & Permits (5 inspectors, 3 permit staff) when the number of new permits being issued dropped in 2003 – recommending to add three inspectors and one permit staff positions back in FY 2007 given the resurgence in the number of new permits and resulting inspections

·               Discontinuation of the residential plan review program

·               Did not fill Recycling Coordinator vacant position (reassigned the majority of duties and increased a 30 hour position to 40 hours to handle the remaining workload)

·               Reduction of two positions in Engineering (development inspections manager and projects administrator)

·               Contracting janitorial services, landscaping, right of way and town facility mowing

·               Reduction in the minimum staffing on aerial ladder units in the Fire Department from 4 to 3

·               Change in approach to rising Health and Dental Insurance costs by encouraging more consumerism

·               Consultant studies on operations and staffing efficiencies at all utility plants and fleet operations

·               Reallocating four sworn officer positions from elementary school resource officer positions to higher priority objectives (two to new 9th grade centers, one to patrol and one to investigations)

·               Class and pay study approach changes to not have associated automatic increases with grade changes

·               Required a 10% reduction across the board in training and travel expenses for FY 2006 after holding amounts flat for the last several years

·               Required a 3% reduction across the board in non utility operating and maintenance expenses for FY 2006

 

GENERAL FINANCIAL CONDITION OF THE TOWN

 

FY 2007 budget recommendations have been made relative to the current overall financial condition of the Town and to the goals set by Council for the future financial condition of the Town.   The Town’s financial condition continues to be above average, according to the rating agencies, currently providing adequate liquidity with a slowly recovering economy.  All three major national bond rating agencies have awarded the Town of Cary their highest possible rankings, a move that reaffirmed Cary’s financial strength by Moody’s and Fitch, which rated Cary Triple-A in 1998.  Standard & Poor’s also decided to raise its 1998 rating of Cary from AA+ to the coveted Triple-A.  These ratings allow the town to save tax dollars when borrowing by gaining lower interest rates on bond issuances. 

 

The Town has maintained a strong cash position, and property tax revenues consistently increased during the 1990s, allowing the Town to avoid property tax rate increases since Fiscal Year 1990.  Since then, any adjustments to the tax rate have been for revaluations, except in FY 2002, when the tax rate was dropped by one cent from 43 to 42 cents per $100 of property valuation.  While revenue growth has continued, a decrease in the growth rate has been experienced.  Past strong population and commercial development has resulted in the need for a sizable and aggressive capital improvements program for both general and utility needs. Due to these growing infrastructure needs and reduced growth rate, the Town can no longer depend on its financial reserves to the extent it has in the past.  Alternative financing options must be sought which will enhance funding flexibility and continue to ensure cost effectiveness.  While the Town has traditionally funded major capital needs with cash, recent plans to leverage the Town’s borrowing power by increasing the use of debt financing are evident with the resulting increases in debt service during the past few years.  Although current financial reserves are adequate to temporarily sustain operational needs, their ability to fund significant capital requirements in the future will be minimal.  These changes will affect future operating budgets with increased debt service and investment income fluctuations reflecting shifts in cash balances.  Acquiring additional debt without existing margin will require some combination of tax increases, additional revenue sources, and/or expenditure reductions to create the amount of margin necessary to service the debt load pending in FY 2009 (see “Debt Affordability” section above”).

 

The Town’s strong financial reserves have provided significant flexibility in the past allowing the Town to move quickly to take advantage of economic opportunities and/or begin new projects in the middle of the year.  Plans for the Town’s financial actions should include consideration for maintaining flexibility for periods of both economic growth and downturns.

 

REVIEW OF REVENUES

 

General Fund

Cary's rate of population growth has increased to an estimated 3.9% as of July 1, 2006 after the double-digit growth experienced during much of the 1990s.  While a slowing economy and growth management practices have combined to encourage a slower growth rate, the recent economic recovery has coincided with a slight increase in the growth rate.  Council’s target is to have a 3% rolling five year average population growth, and that reflected below is 2.9% from July 1 of FY 2003 through projected population as of July 1 of FY 2007.

 

Population and Percent Change

 

 

Revenue assumptions have been developed according to the effects of the economy and the growth management initiatives on the Town’s revenues such as population, assessed value, and building permits.  Some of the specific revenues affected are ad valorem taxes, permit and inspection fees, solid waste fees, sales taxes, utility franchise tax, wine and beer tax, inventory reimbursement tax, cable TV franchise fees, and recycled goods. 

 

The General Fund Revenues for Fiscal Year 2007 total $99 million which is a 4.3% increase versus estimated revenues for Fiscal Year 2006.  This growth rate is bolstered by $2 million in ad valorem receipts and $1.6 million in investment earnings expected related to earnings from borrowed funds that will be used to help pay down the related debt service increases in FY 2007 (see “Debt Affordability” section above).  The graph below demonstrates the consistent and substantial year over year growth during the 1990s that has changed dramatically over the past several years.

 

 

General Fund Revenue and Percent Change Summary Actuals for FY 1987 - FY 2005, Estimated for FY 2006 and FY 2007     

 

The Town's major source of revenue for FY 2007, the property tax, is based on January 1, 2006 assessments, which are projected to increase 4% over the estimate for FY 2006.  The Cary Town Council sets the tax rate, currently 42 cents per $100 of assessed value, each year as part of the budget process. The tax rate for the year becomes official when the new budget is adopted annually in June.  The Adopted tax rate for FY 2002, 42 cents per $100 of assessed value was one cent lower than the 43 cents rate approved for FY 2001.  The tax rate for Fiscal Year 2007 is recommended to remain at 42 cents per $100.  The marginal growth in assessed value will help provide funding to continue essential services at current levels in the Town’s General Fund.  The tax base in FY 2007 is estimated at just over $12.6 billion, which includes real and personal property.  The 42 cent rate is expected to provide $52.7 million in revenue.  One penny on the tax rate generates approximately $1.2 million in revenue for the Town. 

 

For the Town of Cary, the focus is also on the local issues and the effects of growth management on our ability to maintain our revenue streams.  Cary was able to get credit for its fast pace of growth during the 1990s by having a special census done in 1998 which increased its official population count relative to other municipalities in the county.  However, the 2000 decennial census has caused a reallocation of the distribution of sales tax revenue from retail sales.  The Town of Cary’s share of sales tax revenue is dependent on its population as a proportion of Wake County since sales taxes are distributed within Wake County on a per capita basis.  Since Cary’s population growth rate has slowed compared to the rest of Wake County, it receives a smaller portion of the total distribution amount.  Had Cary’s percentage distribution remained constant since its peak in FY 2001, Cary would be receiving about $700,000 or 3.5% more in FY 2007 sales tax revenues.  Despite this smaller distribution share, the economy’s signs of recovery and increases in consumer confidence are expected to yield a steady growth of 3% in sales tax.  This follows a tremendous rebound in sales tax revenue growth in FY 2005 over that of FY 2004 of $1.8 million or 10%.  As the Town’s population growth slows in comparison to other municipalities and unincorporated areas in Wake and Chatham Counties, Cary can expect to see a correspondingly smaller share of this major source of revenue.  The following graph quantifies the effects of the factors discussed above (local, state, and national) on the Town of Cary’s general fund revenue stream from FY 2001 through budgeted FY 2007.

 

General Fund Revenue Change Component Summary Showing Changes or "Bridge" between FY 2001 Actuals and the FY 2007 Budget

 

 

 


Utility Fund

Utility Fund revenues are budgeted at $42.8 million for FY 2007 and reflect a full year of Morrisville customer generated revenues following the April 3, 2006 merger of the Morrisville water and sewer system with the Town of Cary system.  Per the merger agreement, Morrisville customers will be paying slightly higher rates to help fund costs of the merger over the anticipated cost recovery period of 15 years.  Total revenue from Water Retail Fees is expected to increase 16%, while total Sewer Retail Revenues are expected to increase 16% as well.  These increases reflect a blended rate increase of 6% for a residential customer using an average of 7,000 gallons per month.  Out year projections of capital investment needs related to the Western Wake Regional Wastewater Management Facility are expected to require additional rate increases in the near future that could approach as much as 20% by 2009.  Just how much of an increase is required will depend on a number of factors including the rate of continued construction cost increases and the number of new customers that are added to the system over the next few years.  In order to collect enough revenue to recover the largely fixed costs of the utility system, these combined rate increases are required to generate sufficient revenue levels to pay all of the related costs.

 

As was initiated in FY 2002, the Cary rates in place are sufficient to generate $1 million annually for open space acquisition.  Due to revenue bond covenants entered into during Fiscal Year 2002 as a result of debt financing, the $1 million generated during Fiscal Year 2006 will be allowed to fall into fund balance to make sure enough revenue is generated to support all operating and debt service needs.  This $1 million has been appropriated to the Open Space project as part of the FY 2007 budget.  In addition, it is recommended that the Town move forward with execution of the approved $10 million bond referendum for open space acquisition during FY 2007.  The $1 million cash generated in FY 2007 would be transitioned into paying for the debt service instead of the current pay-as-you-go approach.  The prices of land in Cary have been escalating rapidly in recent years and the availability of premium open space land is dwindling.  The annual debt service on $10 million is expected to be about $1 million in the first year, and as the debt load is paid down over time, the available cash could be used to once again assist with open space acquisition.

 

The current tiered utility rate structure shifts more of the financial burden to the high-volume users who require additional capacity to support their peak demand.  The rate structure also currently includes a monthly base charge for all users.  Rate changes in Fiscal Year 2002 included increasing the first tier from 4,000 to 5,000 gallons.  With the Town’s increased emphasis on water conservation measures, the rates provide a financial incentive for the high-volume users to conserve.  As recommended in the Water Conservation and Demand Management Plan, adopted by Council in April 2000, the new tiers are designed to encourage customers to maintain their water consumption at an efficient level.  The changes were adopted with implementation in March 2001, and primarily target excessive irrigation.

 

Other revenue sources in the Utility Fund include connection fees, pretreatment fees, water and sewer wholesale service, bulk water sales, and interest income.  Total revenues in the Utility Fund are projected to increase 8% compared to the FY 2006 estimated revenues.  Fund balance levels are lower as well with approximately $34 million in FY 2002 compared to about $28 million at the end of FY 2007.  Primary drivers of this reduction in Utility Fund fund balance include an $11.2 million transfer for open space acquisition in FY 2002 and another $13.5 million transfer to help offset utility costs related to involuntary annexation areas in FY 2003.  Growing debt service needs related to infrastructure investments are continuing to increase revenue requirements in the Utility Fund.  The May 3, 2005 general obligation bond referendum of $110 million was approved by Cary voters to help finance the Town’s share of a new regional wastewater management facility.  

 

As the chart below illustrates, Utility Fund revenues have been increasing to help afford related debt service and operational cost increases.  The rate of debt service growth (in red) and steadily climbing expense growth (in blue) has put increasing pressure on the rate of revenue growth (in black).  Operating margin is demonstrated in the graph by the area where the revenues, shown in black, are still visible since they exceed debt service and expenses.  The recommended budget reflects an operating margin of approximately $2 million or about 4.9%.  This operating margin is being consumed by Morrisville merger related recovery costs and the generation of $1 million in open space funding.

 

Utility Fund Revenues, Debt Service, and Expenses

 

REVIEW OF EXPENDITURES

 

General Fund and Utility Fund Total Expenditures Summary

General Fund expenditures and inter-fund transfers total $100.2 million for FY 2007.  Included in this amount is $5.9 million in the form of fund balance transfers to support Fire, Parks, and General Capital Projects.  This expenditure level reflects a $2.9 million increase compared to FY 2006.  Debt service is budgeted at $12.7 million in FY 2007 and is expected to increase to $14.3 million by FY 2009.  Utility Fund expenses and transfers total $42.3 million.  This includes $14.4 million to cover utility-related debt service requirements.

 

General Fund:  Since FY 2002, debt service in the General Fund has increased by $9.6M or 298%.

Utility Fund:  FY 2002 includes an $11.2 million transfer to the Open Space Capital Project, and FY 2003 includes a $13.5M transfer to help fund water and sewer capital requests related to Town initiated annexations effective June 30, 2003.  Additionally, debt service has increased from $7.3M in FY 2002 to $14.4 million in FY 2007.

General and Utility Fund Expenditures and Transfers

Major Personnel Impacts

The demand for services has continued to grow through the economic downswing and now recovery, so it has become increasingly difficult to maintain quality service within current funding levels.  In order to maintain current essential service levels and to support upcoming capital projects coming on-line, 28.875 new positions, all in the general fund are recommended in the FY 2007 Budget.  The staffing ratio for FY 2007 is expected to drop compared to the last few years to 9.5 employees per 1,000 population as portrayed in the graph below.   Population figures are as of the beginning of each fiscal year and the July 1, 2006 population estimate is 115,361.