Work Session Minutes of the Town of Cary, NC

Subject: Community Appearance Manual

Tuesday, March 1, 2005

6:30 PM

120 Wilkinson Avenue, 2nd Floor

Web Site:  www.townofcary.org

 

Mayor McAlister called the work session to order at 4:34 p.m.

Present: Mayor Ernie McAlister, Mayor Pro Tem Jack Smith, Council Members Michael Joyce, Jennifer Robinson, Julie Robison, and Nels Roseland

Council Member Marla Dorrel arrived at 4:39 p.m.

Jeff Ulma of the Planning Department stated that one of the implementation steps in adopting the Town Center Area Plan (TCAP) was to look at the implications of the various environmental requirements for water quality and storm water. Mr. Ulma referred council to the following summary which reviews the process undertaken by staff.

Background

On October 10, 2002 the Planning Department advertised a “Request for Proposals” (RFP) for consulting, planning and engineering services for the "Town Center Area Plan (TCAP) Stormwater Management Plan” project. The goal of the project was to determine, through planning and engineering analysis, how the Town can best achieve the desired land uses and densities for downtown Cary , as called for in the TCAP, given constraints from environmental regulations, limits of technology, and costs to the Town and the development community. 

Downtown Stormwater Study

In April 2003, the Town contracted with Tetra Tech, Inc., to develop a stormwater management plan for the Town Center Area. A key focus of the project was to recommend a management approach that meets state and federal stormwater requirements while supporting the adopted urban redevelopment and economic development objectives. To achieve this vision, the Town will need to address the TCAP’s potential hydrology and pollutant loading impacts, and plan appropriate mitigation actions. Regulatory drivers include nitrogen load targets imposed as part of the Neuse Nutrient Sensitive Waters rule for Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL); source water protection regulations in the Swift Creek watershed; Phase II stormwater requirements; and protection of water quality, channel stability and physical habitat in the Coles Branch, Crabtree, Reedy Creek, Swift Creek, and Walnut Creek drainages.

Tetra Tech conducted six primary tasks on behalf of the Town

Task 1 Impact Analysis evaluated the change in pollutant loading and stormwater volume expected to result from build out of the TCAP. 

Task 2 Mitigation Analysis evaluated Best Management Practices (BMPs) to mitigate impacts to achieve goals, and recommended the optimal set of BMPs to use for each of the land use categories for the TCAP. Tetra Tech used its Site Evaluation Tool (SET) model to conduct the impact and Mitigation Analysis.

Task 3 Engineering Analysis evaluated four example development projects in the Town of Cary to investigate the feasibility of implementing the selected BMPs recommended in the Mitigation Analysis, as related to site constraints and conceptual implementation costs. 

Task 4 evaluated existing stormwater infrastructure in the Town Center Area and determined planning level cost estimates for infrastructure improvements required to handle the increased runoff volume associated with the TCAP.

Following the conceptual evaluation of single-site BMP applications (Task 3) and the existing stormwater collection system (Task 4), a conceptual fiscal analysis of preferred BMPs and peak attenuation facilities applied throughout the study area was performed for Task 5.  This evaluation allowed a comparison of single site BMPs, multi-site and regional applications, including cost in meeting required targets and potential obstacles or constraints for implementation.

Task 6 used multiple criteria—from state regulations, Town plans and policies, fiscal impact, and overall feasibility—to evaluate the different stormwater management goals and options and select a preferred alternative.

The presentation will cover the technical approach, technologies evaluated, findings of the analysis, and the recommended Town Center Area Stormwater Management Plan.

Project Schedule

TASK

MILESTONE

COMPLETED

 

Start-up

April 2003

Task 1

Impact Analysis

June 2003

Task 2

Mitigation Analysis

January 2004

Task 3

Engineering Analysis

May 2004

Task 4

Stormwater Infrastructure Capacity Analysis

June 2004

Task 5

Fiscal Impact Analysis

September 2004

Task 6

Policy Analysis

December 2004

Task 7

Appropriate Documentation/Permitting Activities

As needed

Task 8

Meetings

Ongoing

Task 9

Final Report

February 2005

Key Points

1.  The stormwater regulations are complex and can be difficult to meet on highly impervious sites.

2.  The TCAP and water quality goals will not easily be achieved.

3.  The current approach to stormwater management is the most cost effective at this time.

4.  Costs may become higher over time as additional state and federal regulations are implemented.

5.  Redevelopment of currently developed sites is preferable to new development or expansion of under-developed sites.

6.  By conglomerating sites property owners may be able to achieve more flexibility in meeting stormwater goals and share some costs.

7.  Stormwater control is part of the cost of doing business in urban areas.

Mr. Ulma introduced consultant Kimberly Brewer from Tetra Tech who worked with staff on the vision of stormwater management for the Town Center Area.

Ms. Brewer stated that the Swift Creek Land Management Plan was adopted in the 1980s by local governments for stormwater treatment and reviewed the regulatory requirements for the Town Center Area. (A copy of Ms. Brewer’s PowerPoint presentation is attached to and incorporated herein as Exhibit A; a copy of Tetra Tech’s February 2005 Town of Cary Town Center Area Stormwater Management Plan Final Report is attached to and incorporated herein as Exhibit B.)

Mrs. Robison asked if the 3.6 pounds per acre per year preliminary nitrogen loading goal set by the staff keeps the Town within the parameters adopted by the Swift Creek Management Plan. Ms. Brewer replied yes and stated that the reason for the 3.6 is because staff wanted to set a performance standard that would have less environmental impact.

Mrs. Robison asked about the mitigating element. Ms. Brewer said that impervious and treatment caps were set and staff is going beyond the treatment caps and using good BMPs. Betsy Pearce of the Engineering Department added that the proposal is to require that developers meet the 3.6 nitrogen loading which is much more stringent than requiring them to meet the 70 percent impervious cap and allowing nitrogen loading of 10 pounds per acre per year.

Mrs. Robison asked about the imperviousness with the 3.6. Ms. Brewer responded that meeting the 3.6 nitrogen target and all of the other regulatory requirements for the Swift Creek Water Shed allows for flexibility on the 30-40 acres of commercial development that are planned to exceed 70 percent impervious.

Mr. Roseland asked if that goal is captured in Town ordinances or whether it is a starter goal. Ms. Brewer stated that it is a starter goal. She said that state regulation establishes a capacity of 10 pounds per acre per year for non residential development. If developers are unable to meet the goal they can buy down to the 3.6. She said that staff is recommending stricter goals and not allowing the buy down option. Ms. Pearce added that the Town currently allows the buy down option.

Mrs. Robinson asked if setting a stricter goal of 3.6 and allowing developers to use more impervious surfaces requires state approval. Ms. Brewer replied that permission is only required for areas covered by the Swift Creek Water Management Plan and that the Town would not have to ask for permission in the entire TCAP.  Ms. Brewer said that there isn’t that much land in the TCAP that is in Swift Creek Area that goes over the 70 percent.

Mr. Roseland asked about the code language. Ms. Pearce replied that the code is currently in line with the state and allows the buy down option. 

Ms. Dorrel asked about the staff’s preliminary goal. Mr. Ulma responded that the goal was set for testing purposes to provided Tetra Tech with something to work from.

Mr. Joyce asked if the area zoned to allow 93 percent impervious was outside of the Swift Creek Area. Ms. Brewer said that most of the high imperviousness is outside of the Swift Creek Area because most of the Town Center Area remains low density residential.

Mrs. Robison asked about the workings of dry wells. Ms. Brewer explained that there is a media underneath the surface that contains sand or gravel which stores and then evaporates the water. What is not evaporated goes into an under drain leading to a down spout. She said that dry wells are very expensive.

Ms. Brewer said that the goal of 3.6 can only be met if existing impervious and new and future impervious development is treated in the future. Stormwater coming off of an existing area has to be controlled and treated. She said that in order to meet the 3.6 goal you have to treat the entire site and go back and retrofit the existing area.

Mrs. Robison asked if the scenarios in the presentation were only for the part of TCAP that is in the Swift Creek Area or if the preliminary goal is to be applied to the entire area. Ms. Brewer responded that the formula applies to the entire Town Center Area. She said it is stricter throughout entire Town Center Area in order to gain flexibility in other areas.

Mr. Roseland asked about controlling stormwater in the area. Ms. Brewer said with the existing rules you can redevelop the entire area but you are only required to apply the mitigation to any site expansion to achieve the 3.6 of the entire site.

Mrs. Robison asked if the formula shows the type of BMPs necessary for the nitrogen conditions. Ms. Brewer replied yes. She said that they tested optimum levels on sites that are already developed in Cary .

Ms. Brewer said that under existing regulations you have to control the peak flow to the pre-development condition. She said that the Town will be treating such a volume of water that more water will be stored than is needed.

Ms. Dorrel asked about the peak discharge. Ms. Brewer explained that the highest level of water is the peak discharge. She directed council to that graphic on volume control in the Tetra Tech report where you can see a difference between what is required and what the Town is storing.

Mr. Joyce asked about the acreage for the Town Center Area. Ms. Brewer stated that the acreage is about 1.5 square miles.

Mrs. Robison asked if a simulated model was used for the study. Ms. Brewer said they took an actual building and simulated the nitrogen target.

Mrs. Robinson asked about the options for achieving an ultra urban design. Ms. Brewer responded that there isn’t enough room on the site for bioretention cells when you have a site with a lot of imperviousness. She said that a complex alternative would be to build something underneath of the building.

Mr. Roseland asked about the estimated costs for existing infrastructure improvements. Ms. Brewer said they did not look into that. She said that they estimated a cost for the public infrastructure assuming full buildout, but the estimate provided is very high.

Ms. Brewer said that the state is in the process of developing a new formula for sites with nitrogen buy down and it will probably be adopt by the fall. She said that the regional pond is the least feasible alternative and that there are new guidelines from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) that make regional ponds next to impossible and difficult to build. She said that is why staff looked closely at shared facilities.

Ms. Dorrel asked what is included in the costs. Ms. Brewer responded that the costs include construction and regional facilities, but not operational and maintenance expenses nor the land that would have to be bought.

Mr. McAlister asked if the development of shared facilities has ever been pursued by other local government. Ms. Brewer responded that there were none in North Carolina .

Mrs. Robison left at 5:41 p.m.

Mr. Roseland asked Ms. Brewer to elaborate on what is meant by considerations for BMP’s and stormwater controls used to offset the effects of redevelopment in the Town Center Area. Ms. Brewer said that they were evaluating the impact of the TCAP at build out and how to mitigate that impact. She said that they were trying to avoid major downstream problems with the stormwater volume.

Mrs. Robinson asked about the BMPs to be used for shared facilities, the cost difference, and sharing among multiple parcels. Ms. Brewer said it would depend on the number of parcels sharing the facilities.

Mrs. Robinson asked about integrating the BMPs of the shared facilities so that they look like amenities to the community. Ms. Brewer stated that a pond as a water feature could be used. She said that the key is to maintain the water feature so that it does not become unsightly because if it is not maintained it can become a big muddy pond.

Mayor McAlister asked about the $33 million to $40 million investments in offsite conveyance of the stormwater. Mr. Ulma said how to address the issue would have to be figured out over the long term in the capital planning.

Mayor McAlister asked if it can be done in parts over time or if it has to happen all at once. Mr. Ulma responded that it would have to be phased in with project links so that it would average out. He said that the onsite BMPs assume that the private development community would pay for them. He said that the $33 million is the conveyance for pipes after the treatment facility and that costs of maintaining and taking care of conveyance and stormwater systems already exist. Ms. Brewer added that the study assumed replacement of all pipes.

Mr. Coleman said it depends on how much of the total amount is the responsibility of public and what amount is the responsibility of the developer. He said that the Town requires an upgrade of water and sewer lines for new development and part of the replacement cost may be portioned to the development. He said it will be dependent upon how, when, and where the downtown develops, and the Town’s ability to develop an infrastructure plan in phases to meet development costs. Mr. Coleman said that part of the Capital Improvement Plan (CIP) planning process is to look at infrastructure needs in the downtown and identify particular projects that can be done in phases to support development downtown. He said that staff is looking at the overarching policy for stormwater issues and once direction is given staff will begin working on the details of implementing those plans.

Mr. Roseland asked about conveyance costs to alleviate current problems in the TCAP. Ms. Brewer responded that The Tetra Tech study only looked at the future development in the TCAP but that they or staff could do further research. She said that there is a peak requirement in the most recent regulations from the state Neuse Nitrogen Rule and that next year the state will address the total volume control.

Mr. Roseland stated that he would like a holistic plan to do everything in the Town Center Area, including fixing the current problems. Ms. Brewer said that build out would mitigate the existing problems to a large degree; however, it is going to be phased and will take over a decade.

Mr. Ulma said that the town is not set to deal with shared facilities under the current regulations and staff needs to continue to address the stormwater issues on a site by site basis with a movement towards looking at the ordinances and creating mechanisms to allow for a sharing of facilities. Ms. Brewer added that shared facilities may not be feasible for all of the sites due to the cost for high density sites.

Mayor Pro Tem Smith asked if perhaps an unrealistic mix of uses was created with the TCAP. Mr. Ulma responded that the zoning in those areas already existed and they could have developed to the levels of imperviousness anyway.

Mr. Roseland said he would like to receive data comparing the zoning before the TCAP with the TCAP. Mr. Ulma said that staff will do a comparison of the zoning that existed in the downtown before the TCAP and what the zoning is today. He said the area was originally zoned just for commercial or office and that the zoning and development in the core conceivably could have happened before the development of the TCAP. He said that the plan goes to more of a mixed use mode rather than single use. He said the only difference is the expected uses within those buildings.

Mrs. Robinson said that staff should start thinking about a signature characteristic for the downtown area, which includes looking at shared facilities, examples of amenity to the appearance of the Town, and how to encourage developments to gravitate towards shared facilities. Mr. Ulma said that they are already anticipating this kind of direction in a current development proposal. He said staff will need to determine how to make the public/private work.

Mayor Pro Tem Smith asked if requiring shared facilities could be done through incentives. Mr. Ulma said it could be done by different means, including ordinance amendments. He said that staff would have to develop a mechanism to identify and work with people on the BMPs and the mechanics.

Mr. Roseland suggested assisting with infrastructure costs and targeting certain areas. He said we need to fix the existing problems and invest in an infrastructure to support the redevelopment.

Mr. Joyce asked whether the pond in the Westbrook trailer park is a site-specific pond. Ms. Pearce said it was not designed for storm water.

Mr. Joyce asked what BMPs are being used now. Ms. Brewer said the BMPs are driven by the peak for the one year storm with 24 hour duration, and it is the same for volume control.

Mr. Joyce asked if calculation for total volume with ponds can be deep as the Town would want. Ms. Brewer responded no. Ms. Pearce said that staff looked at building three regional ponds but that the EPA does not allow ponds in streams. She said if ponds are built they have to be put where there is no stream flowing into them. She said that you have to find a place for the facility and then add the water and it becomes extremely expensive to do that. Ms. Brewer added that new regulations do not allow for retooling a pond for water quality or increasing the volume of an existing pond.

Mr. Smith asked about regulations for circumstances where there is a compelling reason to improve the environment. Ms. Brewer said there is an option for exceptional cases.

Ms. Dorrel said that Council needs information about the downsides, challenges and implications to the staffs’ conclusions.

Mrs. Robinson said information needs to be provided for clearing up existing storm water issues and council needs to be made aware of any other components to be cleared up before going forward.

Mr. Roseland said that the TCAP plan should be modified to respect the Swift Creek agreement already made with neighboring communities. He asked for information regarding how that will affect the vision of the TCAP.

Ms. Brewer said that it would not have a huge affect on the town center vision because there are only about 25 acres in the Swift Creek portion of the TCAP that need to go above the 70 percent and that is due to retention of the low density.

Mr. Roseland asked who writes the check for the buy down option. Ms. Pearce said that the developer writes the check to the state and they look for restoration opportunities affecting the Swift Creek Area.

Mayor McAlister asked if council need to come up with a solution. Mr. Ulma said that staff will take a report through committee for council presenting the results and suggestions for potential ordinance changes, mechanisms or funding, and recommendations for pursuing a balance for the environmental requirements as well as achieving the vision for the TCAP.

Ms. Dorrel said that implications of the buy down need to also be included.

Mayor Pro Tem Smith asked for more information on the regional pond and realistic goals.

Mr. Roseland said that a study needs to be done to fix the existing problems in the Town Center Area.

Mayor McAlister directed staff to provide actions items to council.

Mr. Ulma said that staff will provide through committee a strategic action plan for outcome of the analysis, including a summary, outline and specific action items and recommendations.

Mayor McAlister adjourned the work session at 6:23 p.m.