Section 2 Analyses
Section 2 Analyses
2.1 Contextual Background
Over the past several years,
The Cary Streetscape Master Plan prepared with the assistance of the
Urban Resource Group specifically identifies parking related ‘Guiding Principals’. The statement (below) is consistent with
modern thinking or ‘best-practices’ for parking development in urban cores
where increased density and pedestrian activity are desirable.
“Parking should be provided
on-street or in parking decks situated within the interior of blocks so as not
to consume street frontage.
Alternatively, provide limited on-site parking tucked behind the
buildings that face the street”
Rich and Associates also adopts a philosophy that parking should support
the community’s greater vision for economic activity by being adequate, but not
a surplus beyond the existing and potential need. Specifically, our approach is to consider parking
allocation, location, design, multi-modal opportunities and operating
efficiency in conjunction with necessary expansion.
2.2 Analysis Introduction
This section of the report is an assessment of how the existing parking
is operating and how much new parking may be required based on current and
anticipated future developments. For the analysis, Rich and Associates used
turnover and occupancy data, parking and building inventories, business owner
surveys and previous experience with parking to refine and determine the
report’s analysis.
The process consisted of a two-part analysis. The first part of the analysis included a
calculation of parking demand by block based on a building inventory and
parking generation factors per 1,000 square feet of gross floor space. The demand was netted from the available
supply and the resulting surplus or deficit determined on a block-by-block
basis.
The second part of the analysis involved comparing the parking surplus
and deficit patterns to the turnover and occupancy data. This comparison offered a benchmark, by which
the surplus and deficit data was calibrated.
2.3 Parking Inventory
Table 2A
summarizes the existing parking supply in the primary study area in downtown
Of the 1,009 public off-street
spaces, 826 spaces are located at the Town Hall, 50 at the Library (public, but
reserved for Library patrons and employees) and 133 at the train station. There are 2,175 private parking spaces in the
core downtown focus area. The percentage
comparison is as follows:
Table 2A – Public/Private Parking
Comparison
|
|
Public |
Private |
|
On-Street (280 stalls) |
8% |
0% |
|
Off-Street (3,184 stalls) |
29% |
71% |
|
Totals (3,462 stalls) |
37% |
63% |
The importance of
comparing the public to private ratio is that greater amounts of public parking
allow for expanded shared use opportunities, reducing the overall amount of parking
needed to service an equivalent amount of building space.
Similarly, public
control over a majority amount of parking allows for the Town to effectively
implement policy driven strategies with the parking. This allows the Town to be able to respond to
development scenarios and opportunities in a timely and effective manner with parking
provision.
Table 2B on page 4 is a detailed parking supply
listing types and durations of parking by each block and is followed by Map 2, which is a spatial view of the
parking supply. In
cases where parking spaces were not marked, the numbers of parking spaces were
estimated. For the purpose of the study
any parking marked reserved or privately owned was designated as private parking.
Of the 1,897 spaces in
the core (south of the tracks) the Town of
In general, on-street
parking spaces are not striped or marked and signage is not always clear with
respect to time restrictions. There is
only one off-street lot that has time restrictions (Ashworth Village Lot has
two hour restricted parking).
The parking supply
table breaks down the parking supply into general categories. While there are no rules regarding the ratio
of on-street to off-street parking, on-street parking always works best for
customers and visitors in a downtown setting.
The definitions
associated with Table 2B are as
follows:
·
Not Signed – no sign limiting the time a
vehicle may park.
·
15 minute – signed 15 minute parking.
·
One hour – signed 1 hour parking.
·
Public – Town owned parking.
·
Private – Privately owned parking.
·
·
In general, Rich and
Associates recommends that the Town endeavor to control a greater percentage of
the parking. Specifically, the Town
should consider limiting new private parking, particularly surface lots that
have a tendency to reduce building density and pedestrian activity.
Reduced density and
reduced pedestrian activity both contribute to a need for more parking. Conversely, higher density and greater
amounts of pedestrian activity have a tendency to reduce needed parking. Specific recommendations dealing with this
are detailed in Section Four.
Employee parking and
long-term parking for customers and visitors should always be encouraged in
off-street locations. Employees in
particular are more willing to walk greater distances. Rich and Associates typically recommends 350
feet as a benchmark distance for customer and visitor walking distance and 650
feet for employee walking distance to and from parking areas.
Map Two on page 5 illustrates
graphically the available parking supply in the study area.
Table 2B – Downtown Focus Area Parking Supply Summary
|
Block > |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
12 |
13 |
14 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
18 |
19 |
20 |
21 |
22 |
23 |
Summary |
|
On-Street |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Not
Signed |
|
32 |
33 |
|
21 |
34 |
17 |
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
27 |
35 |
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
209 |
|
15
Minute |
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
One
Hour |
|
|
|
|
|
|
10 |
25 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
50 |
|
Loading
Zone |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10 |
|
Barrier
Free (Handicap) |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
2 |
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
7 |
|
SUB
TOTAL |
0 |
32 |
34 |
0 |
21 |
38 |
34 |
30 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
39 |
35 |
0 |
7 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
280 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TOTAL ON-STREET |
280 |
|||||||
|
Off-Street |
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
Public |
0 |
50 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
826 |
133 |
|
|
|
1009 |
|
Private |
|
6 |
124 |
56 |
131 |
101 |
110 |
259 |
179 |
37 |
|
86 |
48 |
102 |
72 |
145 |
196 |
|
|
|
133 |
151 |
100 |
2036 |
|
Barrier
Free (Handicap) |
|
3 |
3 |
3 |
6 |
1 |
|
15 |
3 |
2 |
|
2 |
1 |
|
3 |
1 |
3 |
|
14 |
12 |
2 |
6 |
|
80 |
|
Time
Restricted |
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
55 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
55 |
|
Loading |
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SUB
TOTAL |
0 |
59 |
127 |
59 |
137 |
102 |
110 |
333 |
182 |
39 |
0 |
88 |
49 |
102 |
75 |
146 |
199 |
0 |
840 |
145 |
135 |
157 |
100 |
3184 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TOTAL OFF-STREET |
3464 |
|||||||
|
TOTAL
SUPPLY |
0 |
91 |
161 |
59 |
158 |
140 |
144 |
363 |
187 |
39 |
0 |
88 |
49 |
102 |
80 |
185 |
234 |
0 |
847 |
145 |
135 |
157 |
100 |
3464 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
On-Street Parking Totals |
|
|
|
|
280 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
Off-Street Parking
Totals |
|
|
|
|
1009 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
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||||||||
|
Public Parking Totals |
|
|
|
|
1289 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
||||
|
Private Parking Totals |
|
|
|
|
|
2175 |
|
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|||
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||||||||
|
Total Parking in Study
Area |
|
|
|
3464 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|||||
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|
Block 19 includes the 486
stall Town Hall Parking Structure. |
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||||||||||
|
Source: Rich and Associates
Fieldwork, September 2007 |
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2: Parking Supply
2.3 Turnover and Occupancy Study
A turnover and occupancy study was undertaken in the
downtown study area over the course of a typical business day,
Turnover only applies to a portion of the parking
stalls in the study area, as it is a measure specific to ‘short-term’
parking. In all other spaces, in
off-street lots (and the Town’s parking structure), the number of parking spaces
occupied were. Occupancy is a measure
used to examine the level of utilization of parking and is calculated for all
of the parking examined in the study area.
Occupancy
is an important aspect of parking because it helps us to understand the dynamic
of how parking demand fluctuates thought the day. Likewise, the occupancy can be used to
illustrate how parking demand is impacted by events in the downtown area. Overall, the occupancy data is used by Rich
and Associates to calibrate the parking demand model. Tables 2C, 2D and Map 3 are the
summary results of the turnover findings.
2.3.1 Observations
·
The turnover and occupancy analysis took place on
·
This
typical business day was selected to look at parking utilization and its impact
on overall parking operations and efficiency.
·
On-street
parking averaged 38 percent occupancy, with the peak time from
·
Off-street
parking achieved the highest occupancy from
·
Off-street
parking south of the rail tracks had peak occupancy of 39 percent from
·
Considering
both on and off-street parking in the study area south of the tracks, the peak
occupancy (41 percent) time was from
·
For the
one-hour on-street spaces; 73 percent stayed two hours or less, 12 percent
stayed between two and four hours, five percent stayed between four and six
hours, and 10 percent stayed six to eight hours.
·
For the
on-street spaces with no time limit; 67 percent stayed two hours or less, 10
percent stayed two to four hours, 10 percent stayed four to six hours and 13
percent stayed six to eight hours.
·
For the
·
In the
Table 2C – Observed Occupancy (On-Street)
|
Block # and Face |
Est. # of
Spaces |
Space Type |
|
%Occ. |
|
%Occ. |
|
%Occ. |
|
%Occ. |
|
On-Street |
||||||||||
|
Block 8A |
7 |
1 hour |
0 |
0% |
3 |
43% |
3 |
43% |
3 |
43% |
|
Block 8B |
18 |
1 hour |
6 |
33% |
8 |
44% |
12 |
67% |
9 |
50% |
|
|
2 |
|
0 |
0% |
0 |
0% |
0 |
0% |
0 |
0% |
|
|
3 |
LZ |
0 |
0% |
0 |
0% |
0 |
0% |
0 |
0% |
|
Block 2A |
16 |
No limit |
5 |
31% |
4 |
25% |
3 |
19% |
3 |
19% |
|
Block 2B |
16 |
No limit |
7 |
44% |
7 |
44% |
5 |
31% |
9 |
56% |
|
Block 3A |
20 |
No limit |
3 |
15% |
3 |
15% |
3 |
15% |
3 |
15% |
|
Block 3D |
13 |
No limit |
7 |
54% |
11 |
85% |
11 |
85% |
9 |
69% |
|
|
1 |
|
1 |
100% |
0 |
0% |
0 |
0% |
0 |
0% |
|
Block 5A |
21 |
No limit |
7 |
33% |
5 |
24% |
5 |
24% |
3 |
14% |
|
Block 6A |
25 |
No limit |
16 |
64% |
17 |
68% |
19 |
76% |
8 |
32% |
|
Block 6D |
9 |
No limit |
0 |
0% |
2 |
22% |
2 |
22% |
1 |
11% |
|
|
4 |
15 min. |
0 |
0% |
0 |
0% |
1 |
25% |
1 |
25% |
|
Block 7A |
10 |
1 hour |
6 |
60% |
3 |
30% |
5 |
50% |
2 |
20% |
|
Block 7C |
17 |
No Limit |
14 |
82% |
13 |
76% |
15 |
88% |
7 |
41% |
|
|
1 |
|
1 |
100% |
1 |
100% |
1 |
100% |
1 |
100% |
|
|
5 |
LZ |
3 |
60% |
3 |
60% |
3 |
60% |
0 |
0% |
|
Block 7D |
1 |
|
0 |
0% |
0 |
0% |
0 |
0% |
0 |
0% |
|
Block 8A |
7 |
1hour |
0 |
0% |
3 |
43% |
3 |
43% |
3 |
43% |
|
Block 8B |
18 |
1 hour |
6 |
33% |
9 |
50% |
10 |
56% |
8 |
44% |
|
|
2 |
|
0 |
0% |
0 |
0% |
0 |
0% |
0 |
0% |
|
|
3 |
LZ |
0 |
0% |
0 |
0% |
0 |
0% |
0 |
0% |
|
Block 15C |
5 |
1 hour |
0 |
0% |
1 |
20% |
3 |
60% |
0 |
0% |
|
Block 16A |
25 |
|
8 |
32% |
7 |
28% |
8 |
32% |
9 |
36% |
|
Block 16C |
10 |
1 hour |
4 |
40% |
3 |
30% |
7 |
70% |
4 |
40% |
|
Block 17A |
35 |
|
13 |
37% |
15 |
43% |
15 |
43% |
7 |
20% |
|
Block 19D |
5 |
Regular |
3 |
60% |
0 |
0% |
2 |
40% |
2 |
40% |
|
|
2 |
|
0 |
0% |
0 |
0% |
1 |
50% |
0 |
0% |
|
Sum |
301 |
|
110 |
37% |
118 |
39% |
137 |
46% |
92 |
31% |
Table 2D – Observed Occupancy (Off-Street)
|
Block # and Face |
Est. # of
Spaces |
Space Type |
|
%Occ. |
|
%Occ. |
|
%Occ. |
|
%Occ. |
|
Off- Street |
||||||||||
|
Block 2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Library |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Staff |
5 |
|
4 |
80% |
4 |
80% |
4 |
80% |
3 |
60% |
|
Public |
45 |
|
14 |
31% |
25 |
56% |
28 |
62% |
20 |
44% |
|
Handicapped Stalls |
3 |
|
0 |
0% |
3 |
100% |
3 |
100% |
0 |
0% |
|
Block 3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Private Lot |
15 |
|
11 |
73% |
11 |
73% |
11 |
73% |
9 |
60% |
|
Private Lot |
14 |
|
0 |
0% |
0 |
0% |
0 |
0% |
0 |
0% |
|
Private 315 |
15 |
|
8 |
53% |
10 |
67% |
13 |
87% |
11 |
73% |
|
Private Lot |
15 |
|
6 |
40% |
10 |
67% |
5 |
33% |
4 |
27% |
|
Private 301 |
29 |
|
15 |
52% |
17 |
59% |
20 |
69% |
19 |
66% |
|
Block 5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
81 |
|
18 |
22% |
27 |
33% |
29 |
36% |
21 |
26% |
|
Block 6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Post Office |
17 |
|
2 |
12% |
5 |
29% |
6 |
35% |
6 |
35% |
|
Back PO |
18 |
|
3 |
17% |
3 |
17% |
3 |
17% |
2 |
11% |
|
Ashworth Overflow Parking
Lot |
28 |
|
9 |
32% |
10 |
36% |
11 |
39% |
7 |
25% |
|
Methodist Dirt |
36 |
|
1 |
3% |
1 |
3% |
0 |
0% |
0 |
0% |
|
Block 7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Kitchen Design (across
sidewalk) |
14 |
|
3 |
21% |
3 |
21% |
1 |
7% |
1 |
7% |
|
Kitchen Design Side |
15 |
|
7 |
47% |
7 |
47% |
11 |
73% |
8 |
53% |
|
Lot R |
6 |
|
2 |
33% |
3 |
50% |
0 |
0% |
1 |
17% |
|
Lot L |
19 |
|
12 |
63% |
13 |
68% |
10 |
53% |
6 |
32% |
|
Private Lot |
8 |
|
4 |
50% |
5 |
63% |
7 |
88% |
7 |
88% |
|
Block 8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Baptist Church/Old Pet Store
|
209 |
|
24 |
11% |
66 |
32% |
29 |
14% |
16 |
8% |
|
|
44 |
|
16 |
36% |
16 |
36% |
9 |
20% |
18 |
41% |
|
Private Lot 135 |
11 |
|
12 |
109% |
13 |
118% |
12 |
109% |
11 |
100% |
|
Private Lot 125 |
8 |
|
3 |
38% |
3 |
38% |
3 |
38% |
3 |
38% |
|
Private Lot |
4 |
|
0 |
0% |
4 |
100% |
4 |
100% |
3 |
75% |
|
Ashworth Parking Lot |
55 |
Regular |
14 |
25% |
24 |
44% |
52 |
95% |
18 |
33% |
|
Handicap Stalls |
2 |
|
0 |
0% |
0 |
0% |
1 |
50% |
0 |
0% |
|
Loading Stalls |
4 |
LZ |
0 |
0% |
2 |
50% |
4 |
100% |
3 |
75% |
|
Church Office |
8 |
|
4 |
50% |
5 |
63% |
4 |
50% |
1 |
13% |
|
Block 9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shopping |
17 |
|
4 |
24% |
7 |
41% |
8 |
47% |
9 |
53% |
|
“ |
8 |
|
2 |
25% |
2 |
25% |
4 |
50% |
3 |
38% |
|
“ |
12 |
|
0 |
0% |
3 |
25% |
4 |
33% |
7 |
58% |
|
|
31 |
|
7 |
23% |
14 |
45% |
13 |
42% |
17 |
55% |
|
Old |
53 |
|
6 |
11% |
11 |
21% |
23 |
43% |
23 |
43% |
|
Baptist |
44 |
|
0 |
0% |
0 |
0% |
0 |
0% |
0 |
0% |
Table 2D (con’t) – Observed Occupancy (Off-Street)
|
Block # and Face |
Est. # of
Spaces |
Space Type |
|
%Occ. |
|
%Occ. |
|
%Occ. |
|
%Occ. |
|
Off- Street |
||||||||||
|
Block 13 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mustang |
12 |
|
7 |
58% |
6 |
50% |
6 |
50% |
4 |
33% |
|
Chocolate |
31 |
|
6 |
19% |
15 |
48% |
13 |
42% |
14 |
45% |
|
Block 14 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Paint Store |
58 |
|
5 |
9% |
10 |
17% |
11 |
19% |
7 |
12% |
|
House of Lights |
30 |
|
13 |
43% |
12 |
40% |
13 |
43% |
11 |
37% |
|
Block 15 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fidelity Bank |
65 |
Regular |
16 |
25% |
19 |
29% |
19 |
29% |
22 |
34% |
|
|
3 |
|
2 |
67% |
2 |
67% |
2 |
67% |
1 |
33% |
|
|
6 |
|
2 |
33% |
3 |
50% |
3 |
50% |
3 |
50% |
|
Private Lot |
1 |
|
2 |
200% |
2 |
200% |
1 |
100% |
1 |
100% |
|
Block 17 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Food Factory |
64 |
|
31 |
48% |
40 |
63% |
59 |
92% |
38 |
59% |
|
Block 19 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
City Hall A Lot |
18 |
|
18 |
100% |
18 |
100% |
18 |
100% |
17 |
94% |
|
City Hall B |
19 |
Regular |
9 |
47% |
7 |
37% |
20 |
105% |
13 |
68% |
|
|
6 |
|
1 |
17% |
2 |
33% |
1 |
17% |
1 |
17% |
|
City Hall C |
15 |
|
15 |
100% |
15 |
100% |
15 |
100% |
12 |
80% |
|
City Hall D |
230 |
Regular |
83 |
36% |
74 |
32% |
71 |
31% |
63 |
27% |
|
|
6 |
|
1 |
17% |
1 |
17% |
1 |
17% |
1 |
17% |
|
City Hall |
14 |
Regular |
9 |
64% |
12 |
86% |
15 |
107% |
7 |
50% |
|
City Hall F |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
City Hall G |
34 |
Regular |
11 |
32% |
6 |
18% |
8 |
24% |
7 |
21% |
|
|
2 |
|
0 |
0% |
0 |
0% |
0 |
0% |
0 |
0% |
|
City Hall H |
10 |
Regular |
1 |
10% |
1 |
10% |
1 |
10% |
0 |
0% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Block 20 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amtrak Lot |
133 |
Regular |
51 |
38% |
66 |
50% |
56 |
42% |
42 |
32% |
|
|
12 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
Block 21 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
203 Harrison |
47 |
|
22 |
47% |
33 |
70% |
21 |
45% |
17 |
36% |
|
Pure Gold |
56 |
|
10 |
18% |
26 |
46% |
26 |
46% |
22 |
39% |
|
Block 22 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
315 Academy |
57 |
|
16 |
28% |
21 |
37% |
20 |
35% |
20 |
35% |
|
|
3 |
|
0 |
0% |
0 |
0% |
1 |
33% |
1 |
33% |
|
Chamber |
80 |
|
5 |
6% |
8 |
10% |
5 |
6% |
4 |
5% |
|
Block 23 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Northside Station |
100 |
|
21 |
21% |
38 |
38% |
35 |
35% |
23 |
23% |
|
|
2005 |
|
568 |
28% |
764 |
38% |
773 |
39% |
608 |
30% |
|
Sum |
2306 |
|
678 |
29% |
882 |
38% |
910 |
39% |
700 |
30% |
Map
3 illustrates the observed parking occupancies at a peak hour in the downtown
focus area. This map is used to cross
reference the calculated parking demand to determine if blocks with shortages
actually have full or nearly full parking areas. The peak hour occupancy time occurred
between
Map 3
Table 2E (below)
demonstrates the relationship between on-street and off-street parking. The shape of the curve, peaking around noon,
is typical for a downtown with a diverse economic base including retail,
offices and restaurants. On-street
parking has a tendency to be better utilized since it is preferred by customers
and visitors. However, the off-street
parking is virtually as well utilized, indicating that customers in
Employees sometimes present an issue to parking system. Requiring parking that is reasonably close;
employees may have a tendency to use on-street parking if the threat of
receiving a ticket is low or if the fine rate is too low. Rich
and Associates advocates for consistent daily routine enforcement with a market
based fine rate that will deter parking infractions by employees.
Table 2E – On-Street
versus Off-Street Parking

Table 2F
(below) demonstrates the relationship between public and private parking. Important here is the demonstration that
private parking experiences less overall occupancy than public parking,
demonstrating the shared use nature of public parking. Private parking is typically reserved for a
specific group of users. Whether the
designated users of private parking are specific customers, employees or
business owners, the key is that when those individuals are not using the
parking it typically sits vacant.
Public
parking on the other hand is open and available for a multitude of users, usually
only differentiated by the amount of time needed for parking. Long-term parking is usually encouraged in
more remote locations, in order to preserve shorter term parking close to the
streets and businesses or other destinations.
Table 2F – Public
versus Private Parking

2.4 Parking Demand Calculation
Analyses
were performed to determine the current and future parking demands and needs
for the study area. The data collected
and compiled by Rich and Associates to calculate the parking demand included:
·
An inventory of the study area on and off-street
parking supplies.
·
Turnover and occupancy studies for public and
private on and off-street parking areas.
·
Block-by-block analysis of the square footage and
use of every building in the core study area.
The demand factors for each land use type include an estimate for
employees and patrons to that particular land use. The overall effect is that each type of
downtown visitor, whether an employee, business owner or resident is accounted
for in the demand model for
The survey method of establishing parking generation ratios customizes
the parking generation model specifically to the study area. The ratios are used in conjunction with
information from the Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) and the Urban
Land Institute (ULI). These two sources
are the generally accepted standards for parking generation.
Once a parking generation model is developed that illustrates the
surpluses and deficits of parking numerically and graphically, we then compare
the model with actual field observations, specifically the turnover and
occupancy counts. The comparison serves
as a test of the demand model and allows Rich and Associates staff to make
further revisions or adjustments where necessary to ensure accuracy, as well as
to fully understand the overall parking dynamic in the downtown area.
The assumptions used for the parking demand calculations are:
Assumption 1: It was assumed that parking demand per block
was dependent on the gross floor area contained in the block. Parking demand computed for one block was not
affected by the amount of gross floor area available on surrounding
blocks. Therefore, a block with surplus
parking supply is not used to offset shortfalls on adjacent blocks.
Assumption 2: The parking
demand calculations were derived under the assumption that currently occupied
properties would remain occupied at existing, or higher than existing levels,
into the future.
Assumption 3: Parking
demand is not affected by parking availability, use, location and price.
Table 2G, below, illustrates the specific ratios used for determining parking
need. The ratios are compared with ITE
standards as well as Cary Zoning to demonstrate how parking ratios can
vary. Please note that the ratios
indicated are preliminary and subject to review based on survey data currently
being collected.
2.4.1 Parking Demand
The following are issues that are considered when
developing the number of parking spaces needed:
·
Building size, purpose and special use conditions,
·
Socioeconomic
characteristics of the downtown populations and visitors of the downtown.
·
Alternative modes of transportation, which include
availability, use, attractiveness and policy impacts.
·
Proportion of the downtown trips that are
multiple-use or linked.
·
Vehicle traffic.
The demand factors developed
for each land use reflect the peak daytime conditions. This correlates with the observed needs
within the downtown.
The gross square footage of
individual buildings was collected and then sorted by land use categories (Table G, on the following page). The different land uses for each block are in
general multiplied by a parking generation factor of parking spaces required
per 1,000 square feet. The resulting
number of parking spaces demanded is deducted from the available parking supply
on each block and a surplus or deficit for each block is then calculated. Summary tables for the different scenarios
are located in Table
2G through K and illustrated in Maps 4, 5 & 6.
Table 2G – Existing Building Inventory
|
Block |
Mixed |
Rest. |
FTB |
Hotel |
Light |
Retail |
Service |
Specialty |
Bank |
Office |
Gov. |
Med. Off. |
Church |
Community |
Post Off. |
Vacant |
|
|
Use |
(1) |
|
|
|
|
|
(2) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Daytime |
3.25 |
6.87 |
14.81 |
0.85 |
0.75 |
2.38 |
2.19 |
2.99 |
2.95 |
2.65 |
3.90 |
3.50 |
0.67 |
0.55 |
2.49 |
3.25 |
|
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
4,200 |
0 |
3,384 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
11,379 |
0 |
0 |
|
3 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
15,878 |
0 |
10,848 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
4 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1,763 |
10,366 |
0 |
0 |
6,000 |
0 |
0 |
2,500 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1,750 |
5,400 |
25,975 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
4,000 |
|
6 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2,700 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
6,900 |
0 |
|
7 |
2,750 |
2,200 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
24,693 |
5,064 |
3,000 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
95,000 |
0 |
0 |
4,200 |
|
8 |
56,421 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
13,208 |
5,400 |
14,262 |
0 |
5,804 |
0 |
5,000 |
114,169 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
9 |
5,175 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
25,800 |
1,050 |
19,700 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
10 |
0 |
0 |
8,100 |
0 |
0 |
7,754 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
11 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
4,037 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
12 |
0 |
1,925 |
0 |
0 |
7,747 |
0 |
9,973 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3,873 |
0 |
0 |
|
13 |
12,600 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
7,500 |
3,600 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
14 |
21,000 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
7,754 |
4,037 |
16,900 |
1,500 |
0 |
1,400 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1,400 |
0 |
0 |
|
15 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
12,400 |
0 |
0 |
16,349 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
6,300 |
|
16 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
5,984 |
0 |
4,000 |
3,935 |
19,674 |
0 |
0 |
5,200 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3,340 |
|
17 |
0 |
7,000 |
0 |
0 |
12,450 |
19,000 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
25,235 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2,650 |
0 |
3,900 |
|
19 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
149,100 |
0 |
0 |
37,507 |
0 |
0 |
|
20 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3,535 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
21 |
0 |
13,096 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
8,434 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
8,100 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
22 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
18,656 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
27,712 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
23 |
16,958 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Sum |
114,904 |
24,221 |
8,100 |
5,984 |
46,607 |
125,126 |
61,938 |
71,336 |
42,324 |
96,213 |
157,835 |
15,848 |
211,669 |
56,809 |
6,900 |
21,740 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Notes: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) - Some restaurants
uses located in buildings with other use types present are listed under mixed
use. |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
|
(2) - Specialty retail
and service shops, slightly higher intensity than regular retail. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
|
(3) - Amtrak total
Boardings+Alightings for |
|
|
||||||||||||||
|
FTB -Fraternal and other
banquet facilities. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Table 2H – Parking Surplus/Deficit Calculation Worksheet
|
Block |
Demand |
Future |
5 yr. |
10 yr. |
Parking |
Surplus/ |
Surplus/ |
Surplus/ |
|
|
(current) |
Adjust. |
Peak |
Peak |
Supply |
Deficit |
Deficit |
Deficit |
|
Daytime |
|
* |
Demand |
Demand |
|
(current) |
(5 years) |
(10 years) |
|
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
2 |
28 |
0 |
28 |
28 |
91 |
63 |
63 |
63 |
|
3 |
80 |
0 |
80 |
80 |
161 |
81 |
81 |
81 |
|
4 |
44 |
0 |
44 |
44 |
59 |
15 |
15 |
15 |
|
5 |
97 |
0 |
97 |
97 |
158 |
61 |
61 |
61 |
|
6 |
24 |
0 |
24 |
24 |
140 |
116 |
116 |
116 |
|
7 |
167 |
0 |
167 |
167 |
144 |
-23 |
-23 |
-23 |
|
8 |
379 |
0 |
379 |
379 |
363 |
-16 |
-16 |
-16 |
|
9 |
139 |
0 |
139 |
139 |
187 |
48 |
48 |
48 |
|
10 |
138 |
0 |
138 |
138 |
39 |
-99 |
-99 |
-99 |
|
11 |
10 |
0 |
10 |
10 |
0 |
-10 |
-10 |
-10 |
|
12 |
43 |
0 |
43 |
43 |
88 |
45 |
45 |
45 |
|
13 |
68 |
0 |
68 |
68 |
49 |
-19 |
-19 |
-19 |
|
14 |
130 |
0 |
130 |
130 |
102 |
-28 |
-28 |
-28 |
|
15 |
78 |
0 |
78 |
78 |
80 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
|
16 |
102 |
0 |
102 |
102 |
185 |
83 |
83 |
83 |
|
17 |
171 |
0 |
171 |
171 |
234 |
63 |
63 |
63 |
|
19 |
602 |
0 |
602 |
602 |
847 |
245 |
245 |
245 |
|
20 |
32 |
0 |
32 |
32 |
145 |
113 |
113 |
113 |
|
21 |
132 |
0 |
132 |
132 |
135 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
|
22 |
87 |
0 |
87 |
87 |
157 |
70 |
70 |
70 |
|
23 |
55 |
0 |
55 |
55 |
100 |
45 |
45 |
45 |
|
Sum |
2,606 |
0 |
2,606 |
2,606 |
3,464 |
858 |
858 |
858 |
|
|
(stalls) |
(stalls) |
(stalls) |
(stalls) |
(stalls) |
(stalls) |
(stalls) |
(stalls) |
Map 4 – Existing Surplus & Deficit
Map
Table 2I –
|
Block |
Mixed |
Rest. |
FTB |
Hotel |
Light |
Retail |
Service |
Specialty |
Bank |
Office |
Gov. |
|
|
Use |
(1) |
|
|
|
|
|
(2) |
|
|
|
|
Daytime |
3.25 |
6.87 |
14.81 |
0.85 |
0.75 |
2.38 |
2.19 |
2.99 |
2.95 |
2.65 |
3.90 |
|
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
4,200 |
0 |
82,641 |
0 |
|
3 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
27,809 |
0 |
|
4 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1,763 |
10,366 |
0 |
0 |
6,000 |
0 |
|
5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1,750 |
5,400 |
25,975 |
0 |
0 |
|
6 |
34,517 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
28,588 |
0 |
|
7 |
39,038 |
2,200 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
20,693 |
1,650 |
0 |
0 |
21,771 |
0 |
|
8 |
56,421 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
13,208 |
5,400 |
14,262 |
0 |
42,022 |
0 |
|
9 |
5,175 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
25,800 |
1,050 |
19,700 |
0 |
34,304 |
0 |
|
10 |
0 |
0 |
8,100 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
11 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
12 |
0 |
1,925 |
0 |
0 |
7,747 |
0 |
9,973 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
13 |
12,600 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
7,500 |
3,600 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
14 |
63,056 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
39,792 |
0 |
|
15 |
33,846 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
16,349 |
27,077 |
0 |
|
16 |
72,693 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
54,520 |
5,200 |
|
17 |
0 |
7,000 |
0 |
0 |
12,450 |
19,000 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
25,235 |
0 |
|
19 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
149,100 |
|
20 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3,535 |
|
21 |
65,039 |
13,096 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
75,879 |
0 |
|
22 |
36,591 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
18,656 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
58,303 |
0 |
|
23 |
16,958 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Sum |
435,934 |
24,221 |
8,100 |
0 |
38,853 |
80,464 |
37,689 |
47,162 |
42,324 |
523,941 |
157,835 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Notes: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) - Some restaurants
uses located in buildings with other use types present are listed under mixed
use. |
|||||||||||
|
(2) - Specialty retail
and service shops, slightly higher intensity than regular retail. |
|
|
|
||||||||
|
(3) - Amtrak total Boardings+Alightings
for |
|||||||||||
|
FTB -Fraternal and other
banquet facilities. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Table 2I (con’t) –
|
Block |
Med. Off. |
Church |
Community |
Library |
Post Off. |
Amtrack |
Arts |
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(3) |
Center |
||||
|
Daytime |
3.50 |
0.67 |
0.55 |
3.18 |
2.49 |
0.32 |
0.49 |
||||
|
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
||||
|
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
38,954 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
||||
|
3 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
127,964 |
||||
|
4 |
0 |
2,500 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
||||
|
5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
||||
|
6 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
6,900 |
0 |
0 |
||||
|
7 |
0 |
95,000 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
||||
|
8 |
5,000 |
114,169 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
||||
|
9 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
||||
|
10 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
||||
|
11 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
||||
|
12 |
0 |
0 |
3,873 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
||||
|
13 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
||||
|
14 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
||||
|
15 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
||||
|
16 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
||||
|
17 |
0 |
0 |
2,650 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
||||
|
19 |
0 |
0 |
37,507 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
||||
|
20 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
114 |
0 |
||||
|
21 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
||||
|
22 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
||||
|
23 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
||||
|
Sum |
5,000 |
211,669 |
44,030 |
38,954 |
6,900 |
40 |
127,964 |
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pass. |
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
Notes: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
(1) - Some restaurants
uses located in buildings with other use types present are listed under mixed
use. |
|||||||||||
|
(2) - Specialty retail
and service shops, slightly higher intensity than regular retail. |
|||||||||||
|
(3) - Amtrak total
Boardings+Alightings for |
|||||||||||
|
FTB -Fraternal and other
banquet facilities. |
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Table 2J – Future Parking Surplus/Deficit Calculation Worksheet (Daytime)
|
Block |
Future |
Demand |
Change In |
10 yr. |
20 yr. |
Parking |
Change In |
Surplus/ |
Surplus/ |
|
|
Demand |
(current) |
Parking |
Peak |
Peak |
Supply |
Parking |
Deficit |
Deficit |
|
Daytime |
|
* |
Demand |
Demand |
Demand |
(approx.) |
Supply |
(10 years) |
(20 years) |
|
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
2 |
355 |
28 |
328 |
192 |
355 |
91 |
0 |
-101 |
-264 |
|
3 |
136 |
80 |
56 |
108 |
136 |
161 |
0 |
53 |
25 |
|
4 |
44 |
44 |
0 |
44 |
44 |
59 |
0 |
15 |
15 |
|
5 |
97 |
97 |
0 |
97 |
97 |
158 |
0 |
61 |
61 |
|
6 |
205 |
24 |
181 |
115 |
205 |
140 |
0 |
25 |
-65 |
|
7 |
316 |
167 |
150 |
241 |
316 |
144 |
0 |
-97 |
-172 |
|
8 |
475 |
379 |
96 |
427 |
475 |
312 |
-51 |
-115 |
-163 |
|
9 |
230 |
139 |
91 |
185 |
230 |
187 |
0 |
2 |
-43 |
|
10 |
120 |
138 |
-18 |
129 |
120 |
39 |
0 |
-90 |
-81 |
|
11 |
0 |
10 |
-10 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
-5 |
0 |
|
12 |
43 |
43 |
0 |
43 |
43 |
88 |
0 |
45 |
45 |
|
13 |
68 |
68 |
0 |
68 |
68 |
49 |
0 |
-19 |
-19 |
|
14 |
310 |
130 |
181 |
220 |
310 |
102 |
0 |
-118 |
-208 |
|
15 |
230 |
78 |
152 |
154 |
230 |
80 |
0 |
-74 |
-150 |
|
16 |
401 |
102 |
299 |
252 |
401 |
39 |
-146 |
-213 |
-362 |
|
17 |
171 |
171 |
0 |
171 |
171 |
234 |
0 |
63 |
63 |
|
19 |
602 |
602 |
0 |
602 |
602 |
847 |
0 |
245 |
245 |
|
20 |
50 |
32 |
18 |
41 |
50 |
145 |
0 |
104 |
95 |
|
21 |
502 |
132 |
371 |
317 |
502 |
135 |
0 |
-182 |
-367 |
|
22 |
287 |
87 |
200 |
187 |
287 |
157 |
0 |
-30 |
-130 |
|
23 |
55 |
55 |
0 |
55 |
55 |
100 |
0 |
45 |
45 |
|
Sum |
4,700 |
2,606 |
2,094 |
3,653 |
4,700 |
3,267 |
-197 |
-386 |
-1,433 |
|
|
(stalls) |
(stalls) |
(stalls) |
(stalls) |
(stalls) |
(stalls) |
(stalls) |
(stalls) |
(stalls) |
Table 2K – Future Parking Surplus/Deficit Calculation Worksheet (Evening)
|
Block |
Future |
Demand |
Change In |
10 yr. |
20 yr. |
Parking |
Change In |
Surplus/ |
Surplus/ |
|
|
Demand |
(current) |
Parking |
Peak |
Peak |
Supply |
Parking |
Deficit |
Deficit |
|
Evening |
|
* |
Demand |
Demand |
Demand |
(approx.) |
Supply |
(10 years) |
(20 years) |
|
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
2 |
192 |
28 |
164 |
110 |
192 |
91 |
0 |
-19 |
-101 |
|
3 |
703 |
80 |
623 |
391 |
703 |
161 |
0 |
-230 |
-542 |
|
4 |
37 |
44 |
-8 |
41 |
37 |
59 |
0 |
18 |
22 |
|
5 |
35 |
97 |
-62 |
66 |
35 |
158 |
0 |
92 |
123 |
|
6 |
81 |
24 |
57 |
53 |
81 |
140 |
0 |
87 |
59 |
|
7 |
407 |
167 |
241 |
287 |
407 |
144 |
0 |
-143 |
-263 |
|
8 |
490 |
379 |
112 |
435 |
490 |
312 |
-51 |
-123 |
-178 |
|
9 |
130 |
139 |
-10 |
135 |
130 |
187 |
0 |
52 |
57 |
|
10 |
120 |
138 |
-18 |
129 |
120 |
39 |
0 |
-90 |
-81 |
|
11 |
0 |
10 |
-10 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
-5 |
0 |
|
12 |
67 |
43 |
24 |
55 |
67 |
88 |
0 |
33 |
21 |
|
13 |
45 |
68 |
-23 |
57 |
45 |
49 |
0 |
-8 |
4 |
|
14 |
129 |
130 |
-1 |
129 |
129 |
102 |
0 |
-27 |
-27 |
|
15 |
85 |
78 |
7 |
81 |
85 |
80 |
0 |
-1 |
-5 |
|
16 |
159 |
102 |
56 |
130 |
159 |
39 |
-146 |
-91 |
-120 |
|
17 |
187 |
171 |
16 |
179 |
187 |
234 |
0 |
55 |
47 |
|
19 |
214 |
602 |
-388 |
408 |
214 |
847 |
0 |
439 |
633 |
|
20 |
4 |
32 |
-28 |
18 |
4 |
145 |
0 |
127 |
141 |
|
21 |
393 |
132 |
261 |
262 |
393 |
135 |
0 |
-127 |
-258 |
|
22 |
100 |
87 |
13 |
94 |
100 |
157 |
0 |
63 |
57 |
|
23 |
27 |
55 |
-28 |
41 |
27 |
100 |
0 |
59 |
73 |
|
Sum |
3,604 |
2,606 |
998 |
3,105 |
3,604 |
3,267 |
-197 |
162 |
-337 |
|
|
(stalls) |
(stalls) |
(stalls) |
(stalls) |
(stalls) |
(stalls) |
(stalls) |
(stalls) |
(stalls) |
Map 5 – Future Surplus & Deficit Map
(Daytime)
Map 6 – Future Surplus & Deficit Map
(Evening)
(Conclusions and additional
text pending review of building inventory and future projection.)

